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落花生─象徵發財、吉祥、多子多孫

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花生的原產地說法不一,多認為源自南美洲,但亦有源自中國的說法。早在唐代《酉陽雜俎》即有文字記載其「形如香芋,蔓生」;明末才開始普遍種植,後由移民帶入台灣。

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生屬豆科落花生屬植物,多在清明節前後播種,淡雅的小黃花在花謝後受精的子房入地發育成莢果,又稱為「落花生」;也因為花生是長在土裡的豆子,也稱為「土豆」(台語)。

台灣人超級愛花生,因為花生不只是一種食材,更帶有祝福的意義。因為「花生」的台語發音「發生」諧音「發財」。在許多傳統節日(尤其過年)時象徵繁榮與好運。花生長而圓滑的形狀,又和長壽、繁榮象徵契合,甚至許多傳統台灣人認為花生象徵「多子多孫」,是吉祥的代表。 

▋花生米是酒的最佳拍檔 

多元的文化意涵之外,花生也和台灣飲食傳統密不可分。肉粽、滷味、花生燉豬腳湯……花生是增添風味的不可或缺之物,是台灣國民小吃和美食重要的配角之一,花生米則是白酒的最佳拍檔。 

花生在台灣傳統甜點也占有一席之地。燒仙草、花生湯圓、花生捲冰淇淋……等都有高人氣,花生酥、花生糖、花生貢糖、花生牛軋糖不但是台灣人的兒時回憶,更是全球旅人造訪台灣的必買伴手禮。 

早期台灣多用於製油,需求大、育種以油份高、產量高為目標。西半部臨海的砂質土壤最符合花生生長喜好,雲林、彰化、台南、台中等地皆有種植,其中又以雲林占最大宗,整體花生年產值超過新台幣30億元,成為台灣主要雜糧作物之一。 

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