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肉鬆─成吉思汗的秘密軍糧?

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肉鬆在包含東南亞的大華人世界是日常食品,《世界食物博覽》(World Atlas of Food)表示,應是源於中國。源於中國大致可信,2011年,大陸江蘇省的太倉肉鬆甚至通過非物質文化遺產的申請。

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史上是什麼時候將肉類發展成加工食品?有一說是蒙古人為了行軍方便攜帶發明,也有一說是清代官家私廚意外發明,但都缺乏正確史料證據。

肉鬆或稱肉酥、肉絨,通常是用豬瘦肉、魚肉或雞肉製成。肉鬆在加工製程中,不耐熱的維生素會被破壞,脂肪、蛋白質與礦物質等營養則幾乎不會流失,且肉鬆口感鬆脆鮮美,因此台灣常將其與米粥、饅頭等搭配,滋味豐富。

▋肉鬆有三種型態

肉鬆是台灣常見的加工品,早期作法是將肉塊滷熟後手撕,現今做法則是機器捶打碾碎肉塊,因此前者口感扎實、後者則較蓬鬆。肉鬆的製法大同小異,常見的加工流程為肉塊高溫烹煮後,透過機器捶打破壞肉的纖維,加入調味小火滷煮到乾,維持小火翻炒入味,就能讓肉鬆乾燥蓬鬆又保有口感。

肉鬆製品分為三大類,第一種肉纖維較長,口感疏鬆有彈性,申請為非物質文化遺產的屬這一類;第二種纖維較短,含油量較高,口感酥脆,稱油酥肉鬆;第三種是肉鬆粉,在油酥肉鬆中加入豆粉或豆類蛋白,入口即化。有的會另外加入芝麻、海苔點綴口味。

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