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綠豆─品種上千,你吃過幾種

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綠豆無論是做甜點、冰品、糕點皆受歡迎,綠豆芽則是CP值很高、颱風天菜價飆漲時的最佳救援蔬菜。然而,它的品種多到驚人,有上千種;民眾常食用的,十根手指頭就數得完。

◤文.圖/看見台灣基金會編輯群

論是綠豆湯、綠豆饌、綠豆冰沙、綠豆糕、綠豆薏仁,想要煮出口感綿密又有清香的綠豆美食,只有本土產綠豆才做得到。產地集中於嘉南平原的台南、嘉義等地。

綠豆原產於印度,馴化後傳至世界各地,台灣栽種綠豆的歷史頗早,清領時期康熙59年(1720年)完成的《台灣縣誌》已經有提到綠豆:「性涼能解毒。色綠,故名。磨粉如麵,名曰粉心,用以作糕餅甚佳。」 

更早,在古籍《湘山野綠》中即有對宋真宗的記載:「真宗深念稼穡,聞占城稻耐旱、西天(今北印度地區)綠豆子多而粒大,各遣使以珍貨求其種。」 

▋本土產粉綠豆豆香明顯,綿密、口感好 

綠豆為蝶形花亞科豇豆屬植物,味甘性涼,能清熱去火。台灣的綠豆主要種植於嘉南平原,1970年代為裁種高峰。但由於採收費工耗時(主要依賴人工),加上進口綠豆極為便宜,如今台灣的綠豆改以進口為主。 

本土產綠豆以外皮呈黃綠、顆粒相對較小的粉綠豆為主要品種,多以小農契作方式耕種。粉綠豆烹煮時間短、較易熟透,綿密沙沙的口感又好,而且豆香明顯,最適合直接烹煮享用。 

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